Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Early detection is key to improving survival rates, and effective treatment requires a team of specialists. In India, a multidisciplinary approach is essential for managing colon cancer, with each expert contributing to diagnosis, treatment, and post-treatment care.
Colon cancer begins when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the colon or rectum, often forming polyps that may turn cancerous over time. Key risk factors include age (typically after 50), a family history of colorectal cancer, a low-fiber diet, and high consumption of red and processed meats. Symptoms often include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss. Early detection is vital as colon cancer often develops without noticeable symptoms.
Colon cancer treatment requires a team of experts who collaborate to ensure optimal care. These specialists include:
Gastroenterologists are often the first specialists patients consult. They perform colonoscopies to detect potential cancer and take biopsies for further analysis. Early screening plays a critical role in detecting colon cancer before symptoms appear.
A medical oncologist coordinates chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy to treat cancer cells. They collaborate with other specialists to determine the best treatment plan based on the cancer’s stage and location.
Surgical intervention is often necessary for colon cancer. A colorectal surgeon removes the tumor or affected part of the colon. Minimally invasive surgeries, such as robotic or laparoscopic surgery, reduce recovery time and improve outcomes. Dr. Chintamani Godbole, a renowned colorectal surgeon, specializes in these advanced techniques.
Radiation therapy may be required, particularly for rectal cancer or advanced stages of colon cancer. A radiation oncologist targets the cancer cells with high-energy rays to shrink tumors or eliminate residual cancer after surgery.
Pathologists analyze biopsy samples to confirm cancer diagnosis and assess its aggressiveness. Radiologists use imaging techniques like CT scans and MRIs to monitor tumor spread and guide treatment decisions.
For advanced cases, a palliative care specialist focuses on pain management and improving the quality of life by managing symptoms like nausea, fatigue, and emotional distress.
Nutrition is crucial for supporting patients during treatment. Dietitians help manage side effects like loss of appetite or digestive issues, ensuring patients receive essential nutrients for recovery.